KAIROS’ 2025 Calls to Action

The news is grim. Wars rage on, the climate crisis deepens, and attacks on vulnerable populations escalate. Authoritarian leaders gain ground, emboldened by a Trump presidency in the U.S.

Gender-based violence and the destruction of creation continue unchecked. Reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples in Canada remains painfully slow. Migrant workers face forced departures, while the undocumented remain at risk of exploitation and deportation. Global partners face unprecedented conflict, human rights violations and impunity with fewer resources to respond. This is clear in the case in Gaza and the West Bank, but also for partners in Colombia, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ecuador, the Philippines and other countries and regions. Civic space is shrinking and threatened throughout the world. Human rights defenders, peacebuilders and environmentalists, the very people who are building a better future, face increasing risks and persecution.

At home, an upcoming election brings uncertainty about how a new government will confront external threats and long-standing injustices.

It’s hard not to face 2025 with trepidation.

At KAIROS, we are more resolved than ever in our commitment to faithful action for justice. Building on our 2024 advocacy, we demand urgent government action on Indigenous rights and ecological, migrant, and gender justice. Despite some progress, Canada’s response remains inadequate, with key commitments unfulfilled. Policy must be developed with the full and meaningful representation of Black, Indigenous, and people of colour, particularly women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people. It must be rooted in Indigenous and racial justice, grounded in human rights and be intersectional, ensuring that economic and corporate interests do not obstruct these principles.

At the heart of this work is KAIROS’ leadership in Jubilee 2025: Turn Debt into Hope – a campaign rooted in faith traditions that call for debt cancellation, economic justice, and care for both people and the planet. Building fair and just economic systems are essential to a world where people and the planet thrive together.

Here are KAIROS’ 2025 Calls to Action, followed by our 2024 review.

We call on the Canadian government to: 

• Fully implement as soon as possible the National Action Plan of the 231 Calls for Justice of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. The government must work with Indigenous family members and survivors, gender-diverse people, and Indigenous nations and organizations – in particular the Native Women’s Association of Canada. 
• Implement the $40-billion settlement with Indigenous groups regarding the systemic underfunding of child welfare services as quickly and effectively as possible upon approval and finalization.
• End all drinking water advisories on First Nations reserves by working with Indigenous communities and organizations – fulfilling its 2015 promise.
• Plan for an equitable phase-out of fossil fuels by:
  • Eliminating all forms of public financing for fossil fuels, especially subsidies provided by Export Development Canada which amounted to $7.339 billion in 2023.
  • Banning all new fossil fuel development projects, including pipelines, liquefied natural gas terminals, offshore drilling and fracking wells.
  • Implementing a strong and fair cap on oil and gas pollution for 2026-2030. The final regulations should require strict trading rules, eliminate loopholes for industry, and contain no additional investments in carbon capture and storage technology.
  • Developing a national strategy to assess the socio-environmental costs and gendered impacts of critical mineral extraction in Canada, and which lays out a framework for improved efficiency and recycling of critical mineral materials and energy demand management.
  • Reintroducing a bill supporting a Climate-Aligned Finance Act.
• Invest in a just transition to an equitable and sustainable society by:
  • Convening broad social dialogueto strengthen understanding of local and regional needs, advance nation-to-nation relationships, uphold the rights and sovereignty of Indigenous Peoples, and engage low-income communities and marginalized groups who are often disproportionately affected by economic changes.
  • Increasing funding to achieve Canada’s net-zero emissions target by mid-century with new public spending of $287 billion over five years (an average of $57 billion per year) above and beyond currently planned spending. This is the equivalent of 2 percent of GDP.
  • Adequately funding the support programs laid out in the Sustainable Jobs Act.
  • Committing funding to establish a Youth Climate Corps – a national paid job training program where anyone 35 and under could apply and sign up to do climate adaptation and mitigation work in their communities.
  • Developing a comprehensive National Just Transition Strategy that articulates a vision for Canada’s low-carbon future and bold transformations across society. Ensure that just transition policies and programs are designed to reduce poverty and inequities and uphold Indigenous rights and sovereignty.
• Implement the Canadian Coalition on Climate Change and Development’s (C4D) comprehensive roadmap for Canada’s new climate finance pledge for 2026/27 to 2030/31, including but not limited to:
  • Tripling its bilateral international climate finance to $15.9 billion for the period 2026/27 to 2030/31, a critical five years for maximizing climate action across the globe. This will build upon its current $5.3 billion five-year climate pledge to 2025/26.
  • Establishing separate targets for mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage. The allocation of the $15.9 billion pledge should aim for a 40 percent, 40 percent, 20 percent shares for mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage respectively.
  • Increasing grants to at least 60 percent of bilateral climate finance. Climate finance should not create debt and be offered without conditions.
  • Prioritizing grassroots women’s and Indigenous organizations in the delivery of climate finance and supporting the leadership of women in climate decision-making
• Cancel all unjust and unsustainable debts without economic policy conditions owed to Canada from countries in the Global South, and work diplomatically to:
  • Prevent debt crises from happening again by addressing their root causes, reforming the global financial system to prioritize people and planet
  • Establish a permanent, transparent, binding and comprehensive debt framework within the United Nations
• Advocate for and defend the rights of women human rights and land defenders, and peacebuilders particularly from Indigenous and marginalized communities worldwide by: 
  • Adopting the guidelines and recommendations of human rights reports such as Voices at Risk: Canada’s Defenders, Guidelines on Supporting Human Rights and Raising her Voice: Confronting the Defenders Unique Challenges Facing Women Human Rights and others that recognize the leadership of Indigenous women human rights defenders and the importance of safeguarding their rights and well-being.
  • Strengthening Canada’s foreign policy and understanding of security by focusing policy and resources on the nexus between the Women, Peace and Security agenda and environmental justice. 
  • Fulfilling its obligations to respect human rights standards, including the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women, International Labour Organization conventions, and all international standards that protect the rights of rural communities, women and girls, and the right to a healthy environment. We urge coherence between these human rights obligations and Canada’s trade policy.
• Adopt robust corporate accountability legislation and end exploitive extractivism, addressing gendered impacts of mining and centering the voices of women land defenders, particularly Indigenous women by:
  • Ensuring that Canadian supply chain legislation requires Canadian companies to prevent, address, and remedy human rights and environmental harms in their global operations and addresses the gendered impact of resource extraction, including violence against women and girls. 
  • Facilitating access to Canadian courts for overseas plaintiffs claiming harm by the actions of Canadian mining companies and empowering the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise with the powers needed to independently investigate such claims. There must be recognition of and sensitivity towards the gendered impacts of extractivism, including violence against women and girls’ bodies and livelihoods.
  • Ensuring mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence, through a legal framework enshrined in legislation – and access to remedy when rights are breached by Canadian companies.
  • Adopting and fully implementing a legal framework requiring extractive corporations to conduct consultations according to local traditional practices. These processes must fully engage women and guarantee that communities near extractive project sites determine if and how a project will move forward. 
  • Withdrawing immediately all diplomatic and other support for Canadian resource extraction companies that have violated human rights, collective rights, and the rights of nature, and which operate without the consent of affected peoples.
  • Ensuring that extraction of critical minerals in the context of energy transition does not contribute to further environmental harms, while framed as climate change mitigation, and does not increase human rights violations especially the rights of Indigenous Peoples and the gendered impacts of extractivism, including violence against women and girls’ bodies and livelihoods.
• Prioritize human and ecological rights in all trade agreements by:
  • Rejecting investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) provisions in any trade deal.
  • Ensuring no trade agreements advance in the absence of mandatory human rights and environment due diligence, through a legal framework enshrined in legislation and access to remedy when rights are breached by Canadian companies in their overseas operations.
  • Respecting calls from affected Indigenous Peoples and communities in Ecuador for a stop to Canadian mining in the Amazon, the Andean Sierra, high altitude wetlands, and other ecologically sensitive sources of water, as per Canada’s commitments to prioritize climate protection and Indigenous rights.
  • Complying with the recommendations of the UN Working Group on human rights and transnational corporations, regarding the proposed free trade agreement with Ecuador, by ensuring that:
    • Investor-State dispute settlement provisions are not included, and
    • All human rights impact assessments, before, during and after are conducted, in line with UN guidelines, paying particular attention to the impact on Indigenous Peoples, racialized people, rural communities, workers, and women and girls in Ecuador. We emphasize that GBA+ analysis is no substitute for independent, impartial human rights impact assessment in line with UN guidelines.
• Support and center local women peacebuilders, human rights and environmental defenders in addressing the intersecting challenges of climate, conflict and gender inequality by:
• Developing a Feminist Foreign Policy with the full and meaningful representation of Black, Indigenous and people of colour, particularly women and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people. The policy must be grounded in Indigenous and racial justice, be human rights-based and intersectional and must not allow economic and corporate interests to obstruct these principles. This policy must also:
  • Increase funding and resources for gender equality initiatives. In 2025, at least 95 percent of Canada’s all international development initiatives, bilateral and civil society partnerships, should integrate gender equality and the empowerment of women and girls with 15 percent specifically targeting it.
  • Fund a dedicated grants-based Women’s Fund for Climate Adaptation, building capacity and expanding the influence of Global South grassroots women’s organizations and movements and working with Canadian civil society partners on an integrated, feminist global approach to the climate crisis.
  • Create space and resources for the development of policy and mechanisms that shift power imbalances in international cooperation to address inherent colonial structure and systemic racism. 
  • Recognize that sustainable peace is only possible when women in peacemaking, conflict prevention and peacebuilding efforts are fully involved in the process. Canada must keep its commitment to advance gender equality based on the United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 (2000), and related nine resolutions, while supporting projects, increasing leadership, advocating, and raising awareness on creation of gender-equal and peaceful societies through:
    • conflict prevention;
    • conflict resolution; and
    • post-conflict state building.
• Fully funding and implementing the Feminist International Assistance Policy by increasing ODA (Official Development Assistance) by $600 million annually until 2028 with a commitment to reach the international standard of 0.7 percent of Gross National Income. Ensures that this funding:
  • Targets grassroots women’s rights and peacebuilding organizations.
  • Allocates resources to the nexus between peace and security, gender equity and climate justice.
  • Is flexible, predictable and long-term.
• Recognize migrant workers who escape climate-related emergencies in their home countries as climate refugees rather than “economic migrants” by
  • Updating the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) to recognize people displaced due to climate change. Specifically:  
    • Under section 97 on “personal risk,” include short- or long-term environmental disasters and environmental degradation. 
    • Introduce a new class under the country of asylum class (humanitarian-protected persons) for climate migrants. 
    • Update the IRPA’s Ministerial Instructions on Removals clause to include climate related events when considering whether a removal to their home country would subject an individual to a risk of life, liberty or security. 
  • Taking the lead in drafting an International Protocol under the 1951 Refugee Convention to recognize and protect the rights of climate affected and forced migrants, using a Gender-Based Plus Analysis, and lobby the United Nations for its adoption and ratification.
• End the Temporary Foreign Workers Program and replace it with pathways to permanent residency as the primary strategy to address labour shortages. Prioritize equity and dignity, fostering a society where all workers can access rights and inclusion.
• Regularize all undocumented individuals, issuing work and study authorizations while their permanent residency applications are processed. Halt deportations, ensuring no one falls into undocumented status in the future.
• Ending Indebted Migration: Partner with global organizations to tackle the root causes of indebted labour, including poverty, climate displacement, and lack of economic opportunities. Advocate for international labour standards that prohibit recruitment fees and debt-driven migration.

2024 Assessment of the Calls to Action

KAIROS followed the progress (or lack thereof) of its 2024 Calls to Action. The following is our assessment of the past year.

Still waiting: delayed justice and unmet promises to Indigenous Peoples

The federal government has yet to resolve key commitments to Indigenous Peoples.

While the National Action Plan has been developed and is in the process of being implemented, significant work remains to fully address the 231 Calls for Justice. Only two of the calls were completed on the report’s fifth anniversary in June 2024. Five years have passed, which speaks to significant mismanagement of resources and programs. We must do more to ensure the safety, security and rights of Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals by creating a safe and inclusive environment and implementing as soon as possible the report’s National Action Plan.

In October, the Assembly of First Nations rejected the proposed settlement for long-term reform of the First Nations Child and Family Services program and Jordan’s Principle, citing numerous weaknesses within the draft agreement, including insufficient funding.

Despite a 2015 pledge to eliminate all drinking water advisories on First Nations reserves, 31 long-term advisories remain. Long-term solutions, that include updating or building new water treatment plants and water systems – take time and require adequate funding. The government’s pledge continues to be marred by inadequate government support, wastewater system challenges, and insufficient source water protection.

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Call to Action 93 remains unimplemented, with no timeline in sight. As of June 2021, the government was still revising the Citizenship Guide to include a single chapter on residential schools—a task unfinished after nearly four years.

These issues will continue in 2025, as will our support and advocacy to resolve them as soon as possible.

A turn for the worse for migrant workers and the undocumented

In the past year, Canada’s approach to immigration has further marginalized migrant workers and undocumented individuals, prioritizing political considerations over economic realities and ethical obligations. The Federal Government’s recent announcement to reduce immigration targets and restrict family unification for migrant workers underscores a troubling shift that disregards the contributions and rights of those who help sustain the nation’s economy.

Despite massive nation-wide and decades-old campaigns for its repeal, the Temporary Foreign Workers Program(TFWP) continues to drive systemic exploitation of migrant workers in Canada. In 2023, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on forms of slavery denounced the program as a ‘fostering place’ for modern-day slavery. Recent political measures taken by the federal government have broadened the margin of abuse, such as restricting spousal work permits to highly skilled migrants, preventing low-skilled seasonal workers from being with their loved ones.

 Approximately 500,000 people in Canada remain without status, forced to navigate life in constant fear and precarity. While the Government signalled progress toward a regularization program, delays and rising anti-immigrant sentiment have stalled meaningful action. KAIROS, in partnership with the community partners and networks such as the Migrant Rights Network, has mobilized public support to pressure the federal government to provide immediate and inclusive solutions.

Migrant workers remain trapped in cycles of financial bondage due to exploitative recruitment fees and lack of enforcement of international labour standards. Despite commitments to oversight, fraud and abuse persist, leaving workers vulnerable to wage theft and poor working conditions. KAIROS will continue to draw attention to and call out indebted migration during the Jubilee 2025 campaign, which is focused on ending debt and exploitive financial systems that perpetuate it.

Climate-induced displacement continues to grow globally, yet Canada has failed to recognize climate refugees within its immigration policies. KAIROS, alongside advocates and community partners, are urging the government to acknowledge climate displacement as grounds for protection and create pathways for those affected.

It is high time that Canada prioritizes justice, dignity, and inclusion for all migrant workers and displaced people. The time for action is now to build an equitable system that values migrant workers’ essential contributions, welcomes the displaced, and ensures their rights and protections.

Canada enacted and improved bills that support a just transition and address environmental racism

In June 2024, Bill C-50, the Canadian Sustainable Jobs Act, received Royal Assent and became law. The Act details measures to create sustainable jobs and advance a net-zero economy in Canada. This legislation is an important step towards helping impacted workers and communities. KAIROS supported the passage of this bill. However, the bill is weak in areas such as Indigenous rights and alignment with Canada’s international climate commitments. The bill also presents approaches like carbon, capture, and storage (CCUS) as opportunities for sustainable jobs, but CCUS is still unproven and questionable technology that allows the fossil fuel industry to continue business as usual. KAIROS’ global partners regard CCUS as a false solution to tackling the climate crisis.

Also in June, KAIROS celebrated the passage of Bill C-226, the National Strategy Respecting Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice Act. This landmark achievement was made possible by 10 years of dedicated leadership and advocacy from Indigenous and racialized activists and allies in Canada such as the Canadian Coalition for Environmental and Climate Justice (CCECJ), the ENRICH Project, and the Black Environmental Initiative. In September 2024, KAIROS was present at Canada’s first Environmental Justice and Racism Symposium convened by Environment and Climate Change Canada to advance discussions on the implementation of the Act. Read the joint statement on the passage of the bill in the Senate from CCECJ members. Through CCECJ, KAIROS will continue to monitor the implementation of the Act to ensure a national strategy is delivered.

Canada increased global climate financing

At COP29, the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) – the new global goal for climate finance, which was signed by Canada and almost 200 countries, saw a nominal increase in promised public funding from US$100 billion to US$300 billion each year by 2035. A report released during COP29 from the Independent High-Level Expert Group on Climate Finance estimates that a global investment of $1 trillion per year by 2030 and about $1.3 trillion per year by 2035 is needed for climate action. 

Canada is due to announce its next international climate finance commitment for the period 2026/27 to 2030/31. In 2024, the government held public and targeted consultations to inform its next commitment. KAIROS supports calls from the Canadian Coalition for Climate Change and Development for Canada (C4D) to triple its bilateral international climate finance to $15.9 billion. C4D also calls that the $15.9 billion pledge aim for an allocation of 40 percent, 40 percent, 20 percent shares for mitigation, adaptation and loss and damage respectively and increase grants to at least 60 percent of bilateral climate finance.

Nations and cities sign Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2024 – except Canada

The federal government has not endorsed the initiative to develop a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty, yet. However, support for the treaty initiative continued to grow world-wide in 2024, with 16 nation states now discussing the treaty and 129 cities and subnational governments endorsing it (including 17 municipalities in Canada). In 2025, KAIROS will advance the endorsement of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty among KAIROS member churches and Canadian municipalities.

Canada has taken steps towards ending international public financing and inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. However, a report by Environmental Defence in March 2024 revealed that “Canada’s federal government provided at least $18.6 billion to the fossil fuel and petrochemical industries in 2023 alone.” The report highlights that this amount is ten times what the government has invested in climate change adaptation since 2015.

This amount included $8 billion in loan guarantees for the TransMountain expansion pipeline (TMX), which was completed and began operations on May 1, 2024. In January 2025, the federal government posted another $20 billion in loan guarantees to attract investment in the TransMountain pipeline. These loan guarantees break a 2022 promise from the federal government to not provide any additional public funding to the TransMountain Corporation. Construction and approvals of new LNG facilities continue. The federal government approved a new LNG facility (Cedar LNG) in Kitimat in June 2024.

Amplifying calls that say no to exploitive extractivism

Through our participation in CNCA, KAIROS has continued to support campaigns and calls for an empowered Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE) and mandatory human rights and environment due diligence. This includes a legal framework enshrined in legislation and access to remedy when rights are breached by Canadian companies. Unfortunately, the government shows no interest in these critical calls for corporate accountability. Two private members bills that would make companies accountable for their overseas operations if passed into the law have not budged since they were first tabled in 2022. We continue to call for the passage of these bills and the immediate inclusion of human rights protocols and audits in all facilities and processes of Canadian companies operating abroad.

In the early fall of 2024, Indigenous and rural women from Ecuador traveled to Canada for the “Why we say no!” tour. Their powerful opposition to the proposed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Canada received enthusiastic support from Canadian unions, NGOs and social movements. The visit was coordinated in Canada by KAIROS, Mining Watch Canada, Amnesty International Canada, the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, Common Frontiers, the CNCA, the Canadian Labour Congress and other unions. Canadian government and officials received the delegates’ calls for respect for FPIC (free prior and informed consent) for Ecuador’s Indigenous Peoples and heard about the impacts of Canadian extractive industries on the lives and well-being of people in Indigenous and rural communities, particularly women and girls. The delegates also voiced their concern about the inclusion of Investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) provisions. KAIROS sent letters to the Prime Minister and contacted Members of Parliament to call for halting the Free Trade Agreement with Ecuador and harmful mining and extractivist activities by Canadian companies on Ecuadorian soil. KAIROS continues to make these calls. Negotiations between the governments of Canada and Ecuador are ongoing, but little information is being released at the end of 2024.

In 2024, a delegation of Salvadoran water defenders urged the Canadian government to reject mining and drop charges against five ADES Santa Marta leaders criminalized in 2023. They had played an instrumental role in the community-led movement that won the country’s historic 2017 law prohibiting metallic mining in El Salvador, the first of its kind in the world. The delegation made clear, with Canadian civil society and government, the injustices committed by the Salvadoran government. As a result of significant pressure from an international campaign of human rights, environmental organizations and churches, the leaders were released. However, despite evidence of their innocence and international campaign, the decision was reversed in an appeal, and they have been recriminalized. KAIROS continues to support the campaign for their release, for accountability and for an end to the impunity surrounding their arrests.

KAIROS’ participation in Common Frontiers in 2025 marked a new beginning in relationships and collaborations around advocacy in support of partners in Latin America. These partners struggle for justice and the defense of human rights in the face of increasing extractivism and mining. They do so in a context of extreme adversity including the rise of the political right in Latin American, the increase in violence and organized crime in the region, and the second Trump administration in the U.S. Our participation in this network, as well as the Americas Policy Group, continues to strengthen and amplify our calls to action.  

Canada’s support for locally led partners, including women peacebuilders and their commitment to Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP), falls short – a missed opportunity

Throughout 2024, particularly in the lead up to Federal Budget 2024, KAIROS continued to build political will in support of increasing official development assistance. Specifically, we encouraged Canada to support and sustain locally led partners, including women peacebuilders. In our advocacy, we connected the dots between climate, conflict and gender inequalities and violence to support the work of local partners. KAIROS met with 12 MPs, including Parliamentary Secretaries and critics, as well as policy advisors at Women and Gender Equality Canada. More than 200 people wrote letters to their local MPs to call on Canada to invest in women peacebuilders and environmental stewards in Budget 2024. 

In October KAIROS was invited to speak to cross-party MPs at the Global Cooperation Caucus at their meeting on “Climate and Development ahead of COP29.” This was an important opportunity to speak about the emerging work of partners, women peacebuilders, in addressing the intersecting impacts of conflict, climate and gender inequalities, and need for government support.

When Budget 2024 was released, KAIROS welcomed the government’s announcement of $350 million over two years in additional humanitarian aid as well as the government’s stated commitment to be at the forefront of addressing mounting challenges worldwide. However, much more funding was needed and much more needs to be done to be meaningful and effective. The budget increase brought Canada’s ODA contributions up to $7.2 billion per year, which remains well below the international standard of 0.7 percent.

Furthermore, KAIROS, its network and other civil society organizations have called for more funding to be allocated to locally led organizations, particularly women peacebuilders and environmental defenders. This was not evident in Budget 2024, which saw most funding allocated to large multilateral organizations.  While we appreciate Global Affairs Canada’s funding for small and medium organizations through the Inter-Council Networks, including the Feb 4, 2025 announcement of $38.5 million to assist more than 150 local Canadian NGOs, more needs to be done. We need mechanisms in place to ensure that this funding reaches locally-led organizations, particularly women’s organizations.

Also deeply disappointing was the lack of reference to peacebuilding and women peacebuilders in the 2024 budget, despite escalating global conflicts, and the urgent need for intentional support and work for peacebuilding and women, peace and security. There is ample evidence that investing in women peacebuilders leads to more durable, equitable and just peace, as demonstrated by our partners. Yet, despite passing reference to Canada’s Feminist International Assistance Policy (FIAP) in Budget 2024, support for peace and women peacebuilders was absent from it.

Also concerning was the disparity between the increase in funding for defense and International Humanitarian Assistance. Canada’s investment in sustainable, equitable, and just peace is less than 3.5 percent of its defense spending.

The focus on the private sector and public-private partnerships in the provision of international assistance was also a concern for KAIROS. While recognizing that working with the private sector can provide opportunities for leveraging funds and innovation, the experience of local partners tells another story. The activities of private corporations, particularly mining, can undermine human rights, equity and gender justice, and the very principles of FIAP. As mentioned above, local partners continue to call on the Canadian government for corporate accountability and mandatory legislation to hold Canadian companies accountable for human rights and environmental impacts, highlighting the impacts on women. 

Throughout 2024, KAIROS’ global partners faced growing challenges, needs and risks with fewer resources to respond. Our partners faced unprecedented conflict, violence against women, vulnerabilities, human rights violations and impunity. This was clear in the case in Gaza and the West Bank, but in Colombia, South Sudan, DRC, Ecuador, Philippines too. In 2025, KAIROS continues its call to Canada to strengthen policy and increase resources for women peacebuilders tackling the climate-conflict-gender nexus.